上(shang)海機械(xie)加(jia)工廠家(jia)帶你了解一下(xia)機械(xie)加(jia)工的工藝流程(cheng)

數控機械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種用加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機械(xie)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的外(wai)形尺寸或(huo)性能進行(xing)改(gai)變(bian)的過程也是(shi)(shi)非標(biao)機械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。按(an)被加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)處于的溫度狀態﹐分爲冷(leng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)熱(re)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。一(yi)般(ban)在常(chang)溫下(xia)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，并(bing)且不引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的化(hua)學(xue)或(huo)物相(xiang)變(bian)化(hua)稱冷(leng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。一(yi)般(ban)在高于或(huo)低(di)于常(chang)溫狀態的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)﹐會引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的化(hua)學(xue)或(huo)物相(xiang)變(bian)化(hua)﹐稱熱(re)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。冷(leng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)按(an)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式的差(cha)別可分爲切削加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)壓力(li)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

1.設(she)計步(bu)驟及要求(qiu)：⑴生產類型大(da)批；⑵對零(ling)件進行工(gong)(gong)藝分析〔采用新國標(biao)〕；⑶確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)毛坯的(de)種類、形(xing)狀、尺寸和(he)精度；⑷擬定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)藝路(lu)線。這是(shi)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)藝規程(cheng)的(de)關鍵一(yi)(yi)步(bu)，其主要工(gong)(gong)作是(shi)：選(xuan)擇定(ding)(ding)(ding)位基準，確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)各表(biao)面的(de)加工(gong)(gong)方(fang)法，安排(pai)(pai)加工(gong)(gong)順序(xu)，確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)集中(zhong)與分散(san)的(de)程(cheng)度，以及安排(pai)(pai)熱處理、檢驗及其他輔助工(gong)(gong)序(xu)。在擬定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)藝路(lu)線時，一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)提出幾個(ge)可能的(de)方(fang)案(an)，進行分析比較(jiao)，Z后確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)Z佳的(de)方(fang)案(an)；⑸確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)所採用的(de)設(she)備(bei)。

2.選擇機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)注意(yi)以(yi)下幾個基本(ben)原(yuan)則(ze)：一(yi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尺寸(cun)范圍應(ying)(ying)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)外形尺寸(cun)相(xiang)適應(ying)(ying)。二機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)精度(du)應(ying)(ying)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)精度(du)相(xiang)適應(ying)(ying)。③機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)生(sheng)產率(lv)應(ying)(ying)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)生(sheng)產類型相(xiang)適應(ying)(ying)。如(ru)果工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺寸(cun)太(tai)大、精度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)過高，沒(mei)有適當的(de)設備可供選擇時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)考慮機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)改裝或設計專用機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。這時(shi)需要(yao)根據具(ju)體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)提出(chu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)改裝（或設計）任(ren)務(wu)書，任(ren)務(wu)書中應(ying)(ying)提出(chu)與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有關的(de)必要(yao)數據、資料。例如(ru)：工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)尺寸(cun)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)公差及(ji)技(ji)術要(yao)求(qiu)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)定位、夾壓方(fang)式，以(yi)及(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)總(zong)體布局、機(ji)(ji)(ji)牀(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)生(sheng)產率(lv)等；⑹確定各工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)所(suo)採用的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝裝備。

3.選(xuan)(xuan)擇工(gong)(gong)藝裝備時應(ying)(ying)注意以(yi)下幾點(dian)原(yuan)(yuan)則：一(yi)對(dui)夾具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇。二對(dui)刀具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇：一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下應(ying)(ying)盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)選(xuan)(xuan)用標準刀具(ju)(ju)。在組合機(ji)牀上加工(gong)(gong)時，按工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)集中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)則組織生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，可採(cai)用專用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復合刀具(ju)(ju)。③對(dui)量(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇：量(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)主要(yao)是(shi)根據生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)類(lei)型和所要(yao)求檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精度來選(xuan)(xuan)擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。單(dan)件(jian)小批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)採(cai)用通用夾具(ju)(ju)，大(da)批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)採(cai)用極(ji)限量(liang)(liang)規、高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)夾具(ju)(ju)和檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)儀器(qi)等；⑺確定各(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)馀(yu)量(liang)(liang)，計算工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)尺寸(cun)及公差；⑻確定各(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)削用量(liang)(liang)。但(dan)對(dui)于大(da)批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)流水(shui)線生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，尤其是(shi)自動線生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)，則各(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)、工(gong)(gong)步都需要(yao)規定切(qie)削用量(liang)(liang)，以(yi)便(bian)計算各(ge)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)節拍(pai)。⑼確定時間定額(e)；⑽填寫工(gong)(gong)藝文件(jian)。