零(ling)部件加工(gong)軸類零(ling)件在(zai)各種機械(xie)設(she)備中啟著傳遞扭矩以(yi)及承受加載的作用，因此其(qi)對尺寸以(yi)及精(jing)度的要(yao)求極(ji)高。通常軸類零(ling)件從毛(mao)坯到成品需(xu)要(yao)經過(guo)多種工(gong)藝，同(tong)時也(ye)需(xu)要(yao)用到各種加工(gong)設(she)備。

軸類(lei)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)主(zhu)要加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)(biao)面是外(wai)表(biao)(biao)面和常(chang)(chang)見的(de)異形表(biao)(biao)面。因此，應(ying)根據各(ge)種精(jing)度(du)等(deng)級和表(biao)(biao)面粗糙度(du)要求選擇(ze)較合適的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法。基本的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)可歸納(na)為四種。首先是從粗車到半精(jing)車，再(zai)到精(jing)車的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。這(zhe)類(lei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)非常(chang)(chang)適用于階(jie)梯軸和空心軸等(deng)軸類(lei)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)外(wai)圓加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)選擇(ze)的(de)重要的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。

第二中加工路線是先粗車到半精車、再到粗磨，后采用精磨的加工工藝。對于黑色金屬材料、精度要求較高、表面粗糙度要求小和需要淬火的軸類零件而言，這種加工路線是更好的選擇，因為精磨削是軸類零件理想的后續加工工藝。