零(ling)部(bu)件加(jia)工(gong)軸類(lei)零(ling)件在各(ge)(ge)種機(ji)械設備中啟著傳遞扭矩以及(ji)承受加(jia)載的作用(yong)，因此其對尺(chi)寸以及(ji)精度的要(yao)求極高(gao)。通常軸類(lei)零(ling)件從毛坯到(dao)成品需(xu)要(yao)經過(guo)多(duo)種工(gong)藝(yi)，同時也需(xu)要(yao)用(yong)到(dao)各(ge)(ge)種加(jia)工(gong)設備。

軸(zhou)類零件(jian)(jian)的(de)主要(yao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)表面是外(wai)表面和(he)常見的(de)異形(xing)表面。因此，應根(gen)據各(ge)種(zhong)精(jing)度(du)等級和(he)表面粗(cu)糙度(du)要(yao)求選擇(ze)較合(he)適的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法。基本的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝可歸(gui)納為四種(zhong)。首先是從粗(cu)車到半精(jing)車，再到精(jing)車的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。這類加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝非常適用(yong)于(yu)階梯軸(zhou)和(he)空心軸(zhou)等軸(zhou)類零件(jian)(jian)外(wai)圓加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)選擇(ze)的(de)重要(yao)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。

第二中加工路線是先粗車到半精車、再到粗磨，后采用精磨的加工工藝。對于黑色金屬材料、精度要求較高、表面粗糙度要求小和需要淬火的軸類零件而言，這種加工路線是更好的選擇，因為精磨削是軸類零件理想的后續加工工藝。