機械加工(gong)是(shi)指(zhi)通(tong)過(guo)一(yi)種(zhong)機械設備對工(gong)件(jian)的外形尺寸或性(xing)能進行(xing)改變的過(guo)程。按(an)加工(gong)方式上的差別可(ke)分為切削加工(gong)和壓(ya)力加工(gong)。

在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，凡是改變生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)對象的(de)(de)(de)形狀、尺寸、位置和(he)性質等(deng)，使(shi)其(qi)成為(wei)成品(pin)或者半成品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)稱為(wei)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。它是生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)主要部分。工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又可分為(wei)鑄造(zao)(zao)、鍛造(zao)(zao)、沖壓(ya)、焊接、機械加工(gong)(gong)、裝配等(deng)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，機械制造(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)般(ban)是指零件的(de)(de)(de)機械加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)機器的(de)(de)(de)裝配工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)總和(he)，其(qi)他(ta)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)稱為(wei)輔助過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，例(li)如(ru)運(yun)輸、保管、動力(li)供(gong)應、設備維修等(deng)。工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又是由一(yi)個(ge)或若干(gan)個(ge)順序排列的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)序組成的(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)序由有若干(gan)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)步組成。