零(ling)部件(jian)(jian)加工軸(zhou)類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)在各種(zhong)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備中(zhong)啟著傳遞扭矩以(yi)及(ji)承受加載(zai)的作用，因此(ci)其對尺寸以(yi)及(ji)精(jing)度的要(yao)(yao)求極高。通常軸(zhou)類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)從毛坯到(dao)成品需要(yao)(yao)經過多種(zhong)工藝，同時也需要(yao)(yao)用到(dao)各種(zhong)加工設(she)備。

軸類(lei)零(ling)件(jian)的主要加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)表面(mian)是外表面(mian)和常見的異形表面(mian)。因此(ci)，應根據各種精度等(deng)級和表面(mian)粗(cu)糙(cao)度要求選擇(ze)較合(he)適(shi)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法。基本(ben)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝可(ke)歸(gui)納(na)為(wei)四(si)種。首先是從粗(cu)車到(dao)(dao)半精車，再(zai)到(dao)(dao)精車的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。這類(lei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝非常適(shi)用于階梯軸和空心軸等(deng)軸類(lei)零(ling)件(jian)外圓加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)選擇(ze)的重要的工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。

第二中加工路線是先粗車到半精車、再到粗磨，后采用精磨的加工工藝。對于黑色金屬材料、精度要求較高、表面粗糙度要求小和需要淬火的軸類零件而言，這種加工路線是更好的選擇，因為精磨削是軸類零件理想的后續加工工藝。